City Theatre became another gem and visit card of the Bukovynian capital. Relatively small in size, it very organically fits into the ensemble of Theatre Square. It seems impossible to believe that a little more than 100 years ago there were bushes here, and hunters’ raids on savage animals were arranged. But Chernivtsi grew, new stone buildings appeared, and sophisticated tastes of Chernivtsi citizens required building of a new theatre.
A special delegation was dispatched to Vienna to the studio of famous European architects Ferdinand Fellner and Herman Helmer. They already had 43 similar buildings in Europe on their account, Odessa Opera House among them. However, the theatre project was quite expensive for the city treasury. While Chernivtsi citizens were searching for the funds, Helmer and Fellner sold the project to another city – Fürth in Bavaria. Therefore Chernivtsi Theatre has a twin brother in Germany, whose troupe came to Chernivtsi on tour in 2001.
Funds were found with the help of patrons, and in 1905 the city received a wonderful theatre, which was built in record time – for 14 months. Theatre halls were decorated with gold leaf, which survived to present times. Facades are decorated with busts of known playwrights, in Soviet times the busts of Taras Shevchenko and Alexander Pushkin were added to them.
In 1907, a monument to Friedrich Schiller was erected in front of the theatre, and in 1980 – a monument to Olha Kobylianska, whose name the regional theatre received in 1954.
Let’s look around. We are at one of the most beautiful squares of the city – Theatre Square, former Elizabeth Platz (named after the emperor’s wife). But ordinary residents called it Fish Platz, because fish were sold here. At other times it was called Frucht Markt (Grain Market), and during Romanian rule the square was called Alexander Square.
The building of the theatre is a dominant of the square ensemble. So far as it does not impress with its size, but rather quite the contrary, there was a possibility that the building could be "lost" among the large square. To prevent this, in 1936 the ground of the area was artificially lowered by 2 meters and two-level square was formed. Nowadays central part of the square is decorated with recently opened "Avenue of Stars" of artistic Bukovyna. Now names of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna citizens famous in the country and the world who glorify our region with their works, are immortalized in symbolic stars.
The building of the Officers’ House breaks out of the general ensemble of the square. It appeared in 1938 as Romanian “National Palace” and at that time was very modern. Neighbouring Central Palace of Culture (former Jewish National House) contrasts with it. Raised in 1908 at the expense of Jewish community, the building is richly decorated with sculptures of atlantes and Corinthian columns. Bukovynian Jewish community has its office here, and on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of Chernivtsi the Museum of Bukovynian Jews’ History and Culture was opened here.
Across the way from Officers’ House the building of the Bukovynian Medical University rises above. It became a kind of Chernivtsi celestial habitation. From the facade of the building, created in 1912 as Chamber of Commerce and Crafts, the goddess of agriculture and fertility Demeter and the patron of commerce, crafts, sheep breeding and merchants – the god-messenger Hermes are peering at passersby. Near both immortal guards of the building there are cornucopias: agriculture and trade laid foundation for development of the land in early XX century.
From left and right the sculpture is completed with bison heads, decorated with garlands: Emblem of Bukovyna. In the right corner of the house there is the old coat of arms of Chernivtsi – open gate, ancient symbol of hospitality, which in the best way reflects essence of old Chernivtsi city – crucible of different cultures and ethnicities.
14 gold-plated medallions under the first floor windows are also interesting: they portray symbols of crafts that were in special favor in the early twentieth century. Someone sees in them certain Masonic signs. Well, city landscapes suggest such version to imagination of visitors. It seems that the very essence of Modern is expressed here – symbolism, mysterious flicker of majolica and ceramics, impenetrable deepness of the world.